The private sphere of the bourgeois* is an upper-class cultural asset which has come down in the world. It affirms the general by elevating private existence, as protection from it, to the status of a principle. Stoicism-which is the bourgeois philosophy-makes it easier for the privileged to look what threatens them in the eye by dwelling on the suffering of others. It marks the retreat of the individual’s spontaneity into the private sphere, which is thus established as the truly bourgeois form of existence. perhaps you are deceiving yourself about the dangerous sensibility prized by so many fools.” Apathy arises at the turning points in bourgeois history, as in the history of antiquity, when the pauci beati become aware of their powerlessness in face of the overwhelming historical tendency. “That is the state of health in moral life, whereas the affect, even when it is excited by the idea of the good, is a momentarily lustrous phenomenon which leaves behind lassitude.”25 Juliette’s friend Clairwil makes exactly the same observation with regard to vice.26 “My soul is hardened, and I am far from preferring sensibility to the happy indifference I now enjoy. Calm and resolution constitute the strength of virtue. Aufklärung ist totalitär.”ĭialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments Auf welche Mythen der Widerstand sich immer berufen mag, schon dadurch, dass sie in solchem Gegensatz zu Argumenten werden, bekennen sie sich zum Prinzip der zersetzenden Rationalität, das sie der Aufklärung vorwerfen. Das rührt daher, daß Aufklärung auch in den Mythen noch sich selbst wiedererkennt. An jedem geistigen Widerstand, den sie findet, vermehrt sich bloß ihre Stärke. Ihren eigenen Ideen von Menschenrecht ergeht es dabei nicht anders als den älteren Universalien. Darf sie sich einmal ungestört von auswendiger Unterdrückung entfalten, so ist kein Halten mehr.
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Was dem Maß von Berechenbarkeit und Nützlichkeit sich nicht fügen will, gilt der Aufklärung für verdächtig. Von nun an soll die Materie endlich ohne Illusion waltender oder innewohnender Kräfte, verborgeneer Eigenschaften beherrscht werden. In der Autorität der allgemeinen Begriffe meint sie noch die Furcht vor den Dämonen zu erblicken, durch deren Abbilder die Menschen im magischen Ritual die Natur zu beeinflussen suchten. The work’s pessimism reflects the defeats that progressive European social movements had suffered since the early 1930s.“Die Aufklärung aber erkannte im platonischen und aristotelischen Erbteil der Metaphysik die alten Mächte wieder und verfolgte den Wahrheitsanspruch der Universalien als Superstition. …Adorno on an influential study, Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947), which traced the rise of fascism and other forms of totalitarianism to the Enlightenment notion of “instrumental” reason. The rationalization of human society had… Read More …book Dialektik der Aufklärung (1947 Dialectic of Enlightenment), Adorno and Horkheimer located this impulse in the concept of reason itself, which the Enlightenment and modern scientific thought had transformed into an irrational force that had come to dominate not only nature but humanity itself. In Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947), Horkheimer and Adorno argued that the celebration of reason by thinkers of the 18th-century Enlightenment had led to the development of technologically sophisticated but oppressive and inhumane modes of governance, exemplified in the 20th century by fascism and totalitarianism. In political philosophy: Horkheimer, Adorno, and Marcuse SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.
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100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.
THE DIALECTIC OF ENLIGHTENMENT HOW TO